Colposcopy
Not necessarily. It depends on a per case basis. In case of a lesion, the specialist may obtain biopsy samples. These samples are usually superficial and do not cause any pain. Occasionally, the patient may experience a mild pain in the lower abdomen, like a cramp.
TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES
Total Hysterectomy
This is an operation to remove the entire uterus, as well as the fallopian tubes & ovaries, and its quite common, in case of endometrial (uturine) cancer.
Radical Hysterectomy
The first total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, with complete lymph node dissection, was performed in Greece in 2004 by Dr. G. Hilaris and his team.
Fertility & Cancer
Women of reproductive age that may develop gynecologic cancers... also have to cope with the prospect of not being able to bear children.